Design of an IoT‐Based Smart Urban Waste Collection System in Bauchi LGA, Bauchi State
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Background of the study:
Urban waste management is a critical issue for maintaining cleanliness and public health in rapidly growing cities. In Bauchi LGA, Bauchi State, traditional waste collection methods often rely on fixed schedules and manual processes that lead to inefficiencies such as overflowing bins and delayed pickups. The design of an IoT‐based smart urban waste collection system presents an innovative solution by integrating sensor networks, GPS tracking, and data analytics to monitor waste levels and optimize collection routes in real time (Ibrahim, 2023). Sensors placed in waste bins continuously measure fill levels and transmit data to a centralized platform, enabling dynamic routing for waste collection vehicles based on actual need rather than predetermined schedules (Adeniyi, 2024). This real-time monitoring facilitates proactive maintenance, reduces fuel consumption, and minimizes the environmental impact of waste collection operations. Furthermore, the system can provide alerts for irregularities such as illegal dumping or system malfunctions, ensuring prompt intervention by municipal authorities (Udo, 2025). The adoption of smart waste collection technology aligns with global trends towards sustainable urban management and smart city initiatives. By improving operational efficiency and ensuring that waste is collected before it becomes a health hazard, the system enhances the quality of urban life and supports long-term environmental sustainability. This study focuses on the design and implementation of such a system in Bauchi LGA, aiming to create a scalable model for efficient waste management in urban settings.
Statement of the problem:
Urban waste collection in Bauchi LGA is hindered by traditional methods that rely on static schedules and manual monitoring, leading to inefficient waste management and environmental degradation (Ibrahim, 2023). The lack of real-time data means that waste bins often overflow before collection, contributing to unsanitary conditions and public health hazards. Fixed collection routes do not account for variable waste generation rates, resulting in unnecessary fuel consumption and increased operational costs (Adeniyi, 2024). Inadequate monitoring and delayed response to issues such as illegal dumping further compound the problem, leaving municipal authorities with limited information to make informed decisions. Financial constraints and the absence of advanced technological infrastructure hinder the adoption of more efficient waste management practices, leading to persistent urban cleanliness challenges. Without a smart, data-driven waste collection system, the city continues to face the dual challenges of environmental pollution and resource inefficiency. Addressing these issues through the integration of IoT technology is essential for optimizing waste collection operations, reducing costs, and promoting sustainable urban living (Udo, 2025).
Objectives of the study:
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To design an IoT-based smart urban waste collection system for real-time monitoring of waste bins.
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To evaluate the system’s effectiveness in optimizing collection routes and reducing operational costs.
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To propose strategies for integrating the system with existing municipal waste management frameworks.
Research questions:
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How effective is the IoT-based system in monitoring waste bin fill levels in real time?
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What improvements in route optimization and cost reduction are observed after implementation?
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How can the system be integrated with current waste management practices to enhance urban cleanliness?
Significance of the study:
This study is significant as it offers a modern, technology-driven solution for urban waste management. The IoT-based smart waste collection system enhances operational efficiency, reduces environmental pollution, and supports sustainable city planning by ensuring timely waste removal. The findings will assist policymakers in adopting advanced waste management practices, thereby improving urban livability in Bauchi LGA.
Scope and limitations of the study:
This study is limited to the design and evaluation of an IoT-based smart urban waste collection system in Bauchi LGA, Bauchi State. It does not extend to other waste management systems or different geographic regions.
Definitions of terms:
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IoT (Internet of Things): A network of devices that exchange real-time data.
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Waste Collection System: A system that gathers and processes waste from urban areas.
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Real-Time Monitoring: Continuous data collection and analysis as events occur.
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